Acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos entre trabalhadores no norte de Minas Gerais / Work accidents with exposure to biological materials betweenworkers in the north of Minas Gerais / Accidentes de trabajo con exposición a materiales biológicos entre trabajadores en el norte de Minas Gerais

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos acidentes com exposição a material biológico ocorridos em Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e transversal realizado por meio da consulta do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação dos municípios do norte de Minas Gerais, no período de 2008-2012. Resultados: dentre os 56 municípios investigados 28 notificaram 1025 acidentes, 46,1% ocorreram entre técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, 14,7% por estudantes e pelos médicos com 11,6% das ocorrências. Houve predomínio dos acidentes com profissionais de 30 a 39 anos, em procedimentos cirúrgicos, descarte inadequado de materiais perfuro cortantes e administração de medicamentos. Verificou-se que a exposição percutânea, o sangue como material orgânico e agulhas como agente. Conclusão: as causas dos acidentes mais comumente estão diretamente relacionadas com a maneira em executar as atividades no decorrer do trabalho, desencadeadas por ineficiência dos equipamentos de proteção individuais ou coletivos, percebe-se a fragilidade no cumprimento da norma regulamentadora

Objective:To describe the profile of accidents with exposure to biological material that occurred in Minas Gerais. Methods: an epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out by consulting the Notification Disease Information System of the municipalities of northern Minas Gerais, from 2008-2012. Results: among the 56 municipalities investigated 28 reported 1025 accidents, 46.1% occurred among technicians and nursing assistants, 14.7% by students and doctors with 11.6% of occurrences. There was a predominance of accidents with professionals aged 30 to 39 years, in surgical procedures, improper disposal of sharps and administration of medication. Percutaneous exposure, blood as organic material and needles as agent were found. Conclusion: the causes of accidents most commonly are directly related to the way to perform activities during work, triggered by inefficiency of individual or collective protective equipment, it is perceived the weakness in compliance with the regulatory standard

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de accidentes con exposición a material biológico ocurridos en Minas Gerais. Métodos: un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y transversal realizado mediante la consulta del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación de los municipios del norte de Minas Gerais, de 2008 a 2012. Resultados: entre los 56 municipios investigados, 28 reportaron 1025 accidentes, 46.1% ocurrieron entre técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería, 14.7% por estudiantes y médicos con 11.6% de incidentes. Predominaron los accidentes con profesionales de 30 a 39 años, en procedimientos quirúrgicos, eliminación inadecuada de objetos punzantes y administración de medicamentos. Se encontraron exposición percutánea, sangre como material orgánico y agujas como agente. Conclusión: las causas de accidentes más comúnmente están directamente relacionadas con la forma de realizar actividades durante el trabajo, desencadenadas por la ineficiencia de los equipos de protección individuales o colectivos, se percibe la debilidad en el cumplimiento de la norma reguladora

Epidemiology and risk factors of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Iran: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND@#Occupational contact with blood and body fluids poses a significant risk to healthcare workers. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors affecting needlestick injuries (NSI) in healthcare personnel in Iran.@*METHODS@#In March 2020, researchers studied six international databases such as Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ISI/WOS, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for English papers and two Iranian databases (MagIran and SID) for Persian papers. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess quality of studies. The method of reporting was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.@*RESULTS@#A total of 43 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that females (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.06-1.58, P value = 0.009), younger age (OR = 2.75, 95 % CI 2.27-3.33, P value < 0.001, rotated shift workers (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.47-3.15, P value < 0.001), not attending training courses (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.07-1.56, P value = 0.006), working in the surgery ward (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI 1.33-2.50, P value < 0.001), less work experience (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.04-1.95, P value = 0.025) apposed a greater risk factors for NSI among healthcare workers.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the results of this review, factors such as young age, less work experience, work shift, and female gender are considered as strong risk factors for NSI injury in Iran. Preventive measures including education programs can reduce the burden of NSI among healthcare personnel.

Estudo dos acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes em clínica de graduação em odontologia / A Study about occurrences during procedures with sharpening instruments into college dentistry clinic

Introdução: A biossegurança exerce papel fundamental na prevenção de acidentes ocupacionais na área da saúde, principalmente com os materiais perfurocortantes. Ma-teriais e Métodos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar levantamento epidemiológico por meio de análise das fichas de notificação de acidentes ocorridos em clínica odontológica, preenchidas pelos alunos e funcionários de uma instituição de ensino superior, em Vitória, ES, durante o período de março de 2014 a março de 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados um total de 76 fichas de notificação, registrando 69 (90,78%) ocorrências com alunos da graduação e 7 (9,22%) com funcionários. O local de maior incidência foi a clínica com 47 (61,84%) acidentes, 23 (30,27%) no expurgo e 4 (5,26%) na central de esterilização. Conclusão: Após a realização deste estudo pode-se concluir que o índice de acidentes com materiais ou instrumentos perfurocortantes é pequeno quando analisados os números de atendimentos realiza-dos. Protocolos de biossegurança e normas de conduta clínica precisam ser seguidos para minimizar ainda mais os riscos de acidentes.

Introduction: Biosafety, in the health area, plays a funda-mental role in the prevention of occupational accidents, mainly with sharpening instruments. Methodology: The purpose of this study was performing an epidemiological survey by analyzing the notification forms about the acci-dents which occurred into the dentistry clinic, reported by undergraduates and college staff from a higher education institution, in Vitória City-Espírito Santo State, during the period from march 2014 to march 2019. Results: 76 notification forms were totally analyzed, highlighting the number of 69 occurrences with undergraduates which presented percentage level of (90,78%), and 7 occurrences with the college staff which presented the percentage level of (9,22%). The place with the highest incidence of accidents reporting was in the dentistry clinic with the number 47 which presented the percentage level of (61,84%), and the number 23 in the purge area which presented the percentage level of (30,27%), and for last, at the sterilization plant, the number 4 which presented the percentage level of (5,26%). Conclusion: After conducting this study, it's possible to understand that the accidents rate during the use of sharpening instruments and materials is low when compared to the quantity of dental procedures performed. Biosafety protocols and standards of clinical conduct need to be followed to further minimize the risks of accidents.

Needlesticks with safety devices and accident prevention: an integrative review / Agujas con dispositivos de seguridad y prevención de accidentes: revisión integrativa / Agulhas com dispositivos de segurança e a prevenção de acidentes: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the literature the efficacy of needlesticks with safety devices to reduce the occurrence of occupational accidents with exposure to biological material among health workers. Method: Integrative literature review, structured in the stages: Guiding question, search, categorization of studies, evaluation, discussion and interpretation of results, and synthesis of knowledge. Search for original articles and systematic reviews on the main bases of the Health area, published from 2000 to 2016 in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with descriptors: needlesticks injuries, exposure to biological agents, needles, protective devices, occupational accidents, accident prevention and health personnel. Results: We selected eleven articles, most characterized the passive safety devices as more effective in reducing the occurrence of injuries by needlesticks. Conclusion: The use of needlesticks with safety devices reduces the occurrence of accidents, bringing greater solvency when combined with the training of workers.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura la eficacia del uso de agujas con dispositivos de seguridad para reducir la ocurrencia de accidentes del trabajo con exposición a material biológico entre trabajadores de la salud. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, estructurada en las etapas: Cuestión orientadora, búsqueda, categorización de los estudios, evaluación, discusión e interpretación de los resultados, y síntesis del conocimiento. Busca artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas en las principales bases del área de la salud, publicados desde 2000 hasta 2016 en Portugués, Inglés y Español, con descriptores: lesiones por pinchazo de agujas, exposición a agentes biológicos, agujas, equipos de seguridad, accidentes de trabajo, prevención de accidentes y personal de salud. Resultados: Se han seleccionado once artículos, la mayoría caracterizó los dispositivos de seguridad pasivos como más efectivos en la disminución de la ocurrencia de lesiones por agujas. Conclusión: La utilización de agujas con dispositivos de seguridad reduce la ocurrencia de los accidentes, trayendo mayor resolutividad cuando aliada a la capacitación de los trabajadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura a eficácia do uso de agulhas com dispositivos de segurança para reduzir ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico entre trabalhadores de saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, estruturada nas etapas: Questão norteadora, busca, categorização dos estudos, avaliação, discussão e interpretação dos resultados, e síntese do conhecimento. Busca a artigos originais e revisões sistemáticas nas principais bases da área da Saúde, publicados de 2000 a 2016 em português, inglês e espanhol, com descritores: ferimentos penetrantes produzidos por agulhas, exposição a agentes biológicos, agulhas, equipamentos de proteção, acidentes de trabalho, prevenção de acidentes e pessoal de saúde. Resultados: Foram selecionados onze artigos, a maioria caracterizou os dispositivos de segurança passivos como mais efetivos na diminuição da ocorrência de lesões por agulhas. Conclusão: A utilização de agulhas com dispositivos de segurança reduz a ocorrência dos acidentes, trazendo maior resolutividade quando aliada à capacitação dos trabalhadores.

Danger in the streets: exposures to bloodborne pathogens after community sharp injuries in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: Exposures to sharps injuries occurring in the community are relatively frequent. We describe characteristics of community sharp exposures reported in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2010. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of exposure reports to sharps in the community reported to a surveillance system, designed for health care workers, of the Municipal Health Department of Rio de Janeiro. The characteristics of exposed individuals analyzed included types of exposure, the circumstances of the accident, and the prophylaxis offered. Results: 582 exposures were studied. Median age was 30 years and 83 (14%) involved children with less than 10 years of age. Two hundred and seventeen (37%) occurred with sharps found in the streets. The exposure was percutaneous in 515 (89%) and needles where involved in 406 (70%) of them. The sharps were present in the trash in 227 (39%) or in the environment in 167 (29%) of the reports. Professionals who work with frequent contact with domestic or urban waste were 196 (38%). The source was known in 112 (19%) of the exposures and blood was involved in 269 (46%). Only 101 (19%) of the injured subjects reported a complete course of vaccination for hepatitis B. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was prescribed for 392 (68%) of the exposed subjects. Conclusions: Sharps injuries occurring in the community are an important health problem. A great proportion would be avoided if practices on how to dispose needles and sharps used outside health units were implemented.

Occupational exoosures to body fluids and behavors regarding their prevention and post-exposure among medical and nursing students at a Brazilian public university / Exposicoes ocupacionais a fluidos corporais e comportamentos em relacao a sua prevencao e pos-exposicao entre estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem de universidade publica brasileira

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the frequencies and characteristics of occupational exposures among medical and nursing students at a Brazilian public university, in addition to their prevention and post-exposure behavior. During the second semester of 2010, a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 253/320 (79.1%) medical students of the clinical course and 149/200 (74.5%) nursing students who were already performing practical activities. Among medical students, 53 (20.9%) suffered 73 injuries, which mainly occurred while performing extra-curricular activities (32.9%), with cutting and piercing objects (56.2%), in the emergency room (39.7%), and as a result of lack of technical preparation or distraction (54.8%). Among nursing students, 27 (18.1%) suffered 37 injuries, which mainly occurred with hollow needles (67.6%) in the operating room or wards (72.2%), and as a result of lack of technical preparation or distraction (62.1%). Among medical and nursing students, respectively, 96.4% and 48% were dissatisfied with the instructions on previously received exposure prevention; 48% and 18% did not always use personal protective equipment; 67.6% and 16.8% recapped used needles; 49.3% and 35.1% did not bother to find out the source patient's serological results post-exposure; and 1.4% and 18.9% officially reported injuries. In conclusion, this study found high frequencies of exposures among the assessed students, inadequate practices in prevention and post-exposure, and, consequently, the need for training in “standard precautions” to prevent such exposures.

Estudo transversal foi realizado para verificar, entre estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem de universidade pública brasileira, as frequências e características de exposições ocupacionais e seus comportamentos na prevenção e pós-exposição. Durante o segundo semestre de 2010, questionário autoaplicável e semiestruturado foi completado por 253/320 (79,1%) estudantes de medicina do curso clínico e por 149/200 (74,5%) estudantes de enfermagem que já exerciam atividades práticas. Entre os estudantes de medicina, 53 (20,9%) sofreram 73 acidentes, que ocorreram principalmente em atividades extracurriculares (32,9%), com objetos pérfuro-cortantes (56,2%), na sala de emergência (39,7%) e em decorrência de despreparo técnico ou distração (54,8%). Entre os alunos de enfermagem, 27 (18,1%) sofreram 37 acidentes, que ocorreram principalmente com agulhas ocas (67,6%), no centro cirúrgico ou enfermarias (72,2%) e em decorrência de despreparo técnico ou distração (62,1%). Entre os alunos de medicina e de enfermagem, respectivamente, 96,4% e 48% estavam insatisfeitos com orientações previamente recebidas de prevenção de acidentes, 48% e 18% nem sempre utilizam equipamento de proteção individual, 67,6% e 16,8% reencapam agulhas usadas, 49,3% e 35,1% não se preocuparam em conhecer os exames sorológicos do paciente-fonte pós-exposição e 1,4% e 18,9% relataram o acidente oficialmente. Em conclusão, neste estudo verificaram-se altas frequências de exposições entre os estudantes avaliados, práticas inadequadas na prevenção e pós-exposição e, consequentemente, a necessidade de treinamento nas “precauções padrão” para prevenção de tais exposições.

Acidentes de trabalho com material biologico ocorridos em municipios de Minas Gerais / Work accidents with biological material occurred in municipalities of Minas Gerais / Accidentes de trabajo con material biologico ocurridos en municipios de Minas Gerais

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o perfil dos acidentes com exposição a material biológico ocorridos em Minas Gerais. Estudo descritivo, transversal realizado por meio de consulta ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação de 50 municípios do sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de 2007-2011. Foram registrados 460 acidentes, sendo que cerca da metade ocorreram entre auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, seguidos por enfermeiros e médicos. Houve predomínio dos acidentes ocorridos devido ao descarte inadequado de material perfurocortante. Entre os pacientes-fonte, verificou-se uma prevalência de 8,0% de sorologia reagente para o HIV; 1,0% para HBsAg; 6,0% para anti-HBC e 3% para o anti-HCV. Entre os acidentados, 14,0% não estavam imunizados para hepatite B, contudo, a prescrição de vacina e imunoglobulina foi inferior à necessidade. Os resultados subsidiarão o planejamento de ações preventivas e de novas condutas diante da ocorrência desse tipo de acidentes.

The study aimed to identify the profile accidents involving exposure to biological material occurring in Minas Gerais. A descriptive study carried out by querying the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, 50 cities in south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in the period of 2007-2011. Were recorded 460 accidents, and about half occurred among nursing assistants and technicians, followed by nurses and physicians. There were more accidents due to improper disposal of sharps. Among the source patients, there was a 8.0% prevalence of positive serology for HIV, 1.0% for HBsAg, 6.0% for anti-HBc and 3% for anti-HCV. Among the injured 14.0% were not immunized to hepatitis B; however, the vaccine and immunoglobulin prescription was lower than necessary. The results will subsidize the plan preventive measures and new approach towards the occurrence of such accidents.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el perfil de los accidentes con exposición a material biológico, ocurridos en Minas Gerais. Un descriptivo estudio fue llevado a cabo mediante la consulta al Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria, en 50 ciudades del sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil, en el periodo de 2007-2011. Se registraron 460 accidentes, y aproximadamente la mitad ocurrió entre los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería, seguido por enfermeras y médicos. Hubo más accidentes debido a la eliminación inadecuada de objetos punzantes. Entre los pacientes-fuente, hubo una prevalencia del 8,0% de serología positiva para VIH, 1,0% para HBsAg, 6,0% para anti-HBc y el 3% para anti-VHC. Entre los heridos 14,0% no fueron inmunizados contra la hepatitis B; sin embargo, la limitación de la vacuna y la inmunoglobulina fue menor que la necesidad. Los resultados van a subvencionar el plan de medidas preventivas y de nuevo enfoque hacia la ocurrencia de estos accidentes.

Multicausalidade nos acidentes de trabalho da Enfermagem com material biológico / Multi-causality in nursing work accidents with biological material / Multicausalidad en los accidentes del trabajo de Enfermería con material biológico

Com o objetivo de analisar a multicausalidade dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição biológica em trabalhadores de enfermagem, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória em um hospital de médio porte do Estado do Paraná, no período entre janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009. A população foi de 26 trabalhadores de enfermagem da clínica médica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco dos oito acidentados no período; os conteúdos foram analisados pelo Diagrama de Causas e Efeitos. As categorias causas materiais, organizacionais, institucionais e comportamentais do trabalhador evidenciaram o descarte inadequado de perfurocortantes, a sobrecarga de trabalho, a não utilização das normas de biossegurança e a deficiente supervisão e capacitação do trabalhador como fatores determinantes para a ocorrência destes acidentes. A adoção da ferramenta do Diagrama de Causas e Efeitos proporcionou a análise dos acidentes na sua multicausalidade, mostrando a interação entre as mesmas.

In order to analyze the multiple causes of occupational accidents with biological exposure among nursing staff was carried out a descriptive and exploratory research in a medium-sized hospital in the State of Paraná, in the period between January 2008 and January 2009. The population was 26 nursing staff of the medical clinic. Data collection was performed by semi-structured interviews with five of the eight injured in the period and its contents were analyzed by Causes and Effects Diagram. The categories of causes material, organizational, institutional and worker's behavior, showed the inappropriate disposal of sharps, work overload, no use of bio-security standards and poor supervision and training of workers, as factors for the occurrence of these accidents. The adoption of the tool of Causes and Effects Diagram provided an analysis of accidents in its multiple causes, showing the interaction between them.

A fin de analizar las múltiples causas de accidentes de trabajo con exposición biológica entre el personal de enfermería se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria en un hospital de tamaño medio en el Estado de Paraná, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2008 y enero de 2009. La población fue de 26 personales de enfermería de la clínica médica. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas con cinco de los ocho heridos en el período y sus contenidos fueron analizados por Diagrama de Causas y Efectos. Las categorías de causas materiales, organizacionales, institucionales y de comportamiento de los trabajadores mostraron la disposición inadecuada de los objetos punzocortantes, sobrecarga de trabajo, no uso de normas de bioseguridad y la mala supervisión y formación de los trabajadores, como factores para la ocurrencia de estos accidentes. La adopción de la herramienta de Diagrama de Causas y Efectos ha permitido un análisis de los accidentes en sus múltiples causas, que muestra la interacción entre ellas.

Needle Stick Injuries among Junior Doctors.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries (NSIs) among junior doctors of RIMS and to assess the measures undertaken by the respondents after the NSI. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in RIMS, Imphal, Manipur among internees, house officers and post graduate trainees from Sept to Oct 2011. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentage and standard deviation were used. Analysis was done using Chi square test. And P-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Out of 382 eligible respondents, 289 participated in the study. Males were 70.2% (n=203). Prevalence of NSI among junior doctors within the last one year was 39.4% (N=114). Of the three designations, NSI was highest among the house officers. Most NSI took place while blood withdrawal (33.3%), suturing (27.3%), giving injections (16.6%) and recapping (14.9%). Majority of those doctors injured, 56.1% attributed NSI during rush hour. Around fifty-four percent of them were not wearing gloves during the NSI. Nearly forty-five percent of the doctors washed their injured part with water and soap and also applied antiseptic as immediate measures after NSI. Only 10 (8.8%) took Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Conclusion: Needle stick injuries among junior doctors are common and often not reported and majority of them did not take post exposure prophylaxis. These findings warranted the need for ongoing attention to strategies to reduce such injuries in a systematic way and to improve reporting system so that appropriate medical care can be delivered.

Organizational influence on the occurrence of work accidents involving exposure to biological material / Influência organizacional na ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico / La influencia de la organización en la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico

OBJECTIVES: to analyze work accidents involving exposure to biological materials which took place among personnel working in nursing and to evaluate the influence of the organizational culture on the occurrence of these accidents. METHOD: a retrospective, analytical study, carried out in two stages in a hospital that was part of the Network for the Prevention of Work Accidents. The first stage involved the analysis of the characteristics of the work accidents involving exposure to biological materials as recorded over a seven-year period by the nursing staff in the hospital studied, and registered in the Network databank. The second stage involved the analysis of 122 nursing staff members' perception of the institutional culture, who were allocated to the control group (workers who had not had an accident) and the case group (workers who had had an accident). RESULTS: 386 accidents had been recorded: percutaneous lesions occurred in 79% of the cases, needles were the materials involved in 69.7% of the accidents, and in 81.9% of the accident there was contact with blood. Regarding the influence of the organizational culture on the occurrence of accidents, the results obtained through the analysis of the two groups did not demonstrate significant differences between the average scores attributed by the workers in each organizational value or practice category. It is concluded that accidents involving exposure to biological material need to be avoided, however, it was not possible to confirm the influence of organizational values or practices on workers' behavior concerning the occurrence of these accidents.

OBJETIVOS: analisar os acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos, ocorridos entre trabalhadores de enfermagem, e avaliar a influência da cultura organizacional sobre a ocorrência desses acidentes. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, analítico, realizado em duas etapas em um hospital de ensino integrante da Rede de Prevenção de Acidentes de Trabalho-Repat. Na primeira etapa foram analisadas as características dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico registrados entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem do hospital estudado e registrados na banco de dados da Repat, durante sete anos. Na segunda etapa, foram analisadas as percepções sobre a cultura da instituição de 122 trabalhadores de enfermagem, alocados nos grupo-controle (trabalhadores não acidentados) e no grupo-caso (trabalhadores acidentados), ambos compostos por 13 enfermeiros e 48 auxiliares e/ou técnicos de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: 386 acidentes foram registrados, as lesões percutâneas ocorreram em 79% dos casos, as agulhas foram os materiais envolvidos em 69,7% dos acidentes e em 81,9% dos acidentes houve contato com sangue. Quanto à influência da cultura organizacional sobre a ocorrência de acidentes, os resultados obtidos na análise dos dois grupos não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os escores médios, atribuídos pelos trabalhadores, para cada categoria de valor ou prática organizacional. CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que os acidentes com exposição a material biológico precisam ser evitados, no entanto, não foi possível constatar a influência dos valores e práticas.

OBJETIVOS: analizar los accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico entre el personal de enfermería y evaluar la influencia de la cultura organizacional en la ocurrencia de accidentes de este tipo. MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo, analítico, desarrollado en dos etapas en un Hospital de la Red para la Prevención de Accidentes. En la primera etapa, se analizaron las características de los accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico entre el personal de enfermería del hospital, ocurridos a lo largo de siete años, registrado en la base de datos. En el segundo paso, se analizaron las percepciones sobre la cultura de la institución de 122 profesionales de enfermería asignados al grupo control (no lesionadas trabajadores) y al grupo de casos (los trabajadores lesionados). RESULTADOS: 386 accidentes fueron reportados; las lesiones percutáneas en el 79% de los casos, las agujas fueron los materiales que intervienen en el 69,7% de los accidentes y el 81,9% de los accidentes hubo contacto con sangre. En cuanto a la influencia de la cultura organizacional en la ocurrencia de accidentes, los resultados obtenidos del análisis de los dos grupos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones medias asignadas por los empleados para cada categoría de la organización o en la práctica. La conclusión es que los accidentes con exposición a material biológico deben ser evitados. Sin embargo, no fue posible verificar la influencia de los valores de la organización y las prácticas sobre el comportamiento de los trabajadores ante la ocurrencia de accidentes de este tipo.

Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids amongst health care workers in a teaching hospital of the Sukkur, Sindh

Health care workers [HCWs] are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses in the course of their work. Over 90% of these infections are occurring in low-income countries and most are preventable. However, the situation in the teaching hospitals has always been thought to be much better than the public health facilities in other hospitals. The focus of the study was on assessing the exposure frequency amongst HCWs in a teaching hospital in the Sukkur. Cross-Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical College Hospital, Sukkur, Sindh from November 2011 to December 2011. A cross-sectional survey amongst HCWs involved in collecting blood samples and administering injections in all wards of the hospital was conducted. Selection of study participants was by simple random sampling. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered by unlinked, anonymous method. Total sample studied was 70. The proportion of HCWs experiencing exposure to blood body fluid splash [BBF] and needle stick injury [NSI] during last one week was 47.1% and 31.43%, respectively. The incidence density of BBF exposure was 537.14 per 100 person years and that of NSI episodes was 228.57 per 100 person years. The reasons for not using personal protective equipment [PPE] ranged from busy schedule [37.14%], non use of PPE by co-workers [67.14%], emergencies [91.43%] risk that patients may get offended by PPE use by HCWs [27.14%] to discomfort while using PPE [24.29%]. All components of PPE were available as per only 34.24 percent. The high level of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids and consequent risk of infection amongst a group of HCWs in the Teaching Hospital highlights the urgent need for interventions to enhance to the occupational safety of workers

Effects of training course on occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens: a controlled interventional study

One of the serious occupational concerns in health care workers [HCWs] is exposure to blood/body fluids that can transmit blood borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses. We are reporting the effects of training course and surveillance on the rate of needle stick injuries [NSIs] among HCWs at an educational hospital in Iran. Aims: To evaluate the effects of training course on the rate of NSIs and its reporting. We selected two hospitals [A and B] based on their similarities in wards and facilities then asked the managers of these two hospitals to participate in our study. We established a new occupational health center and conducted a training course at hospital A on 2010 and compared it with control group [hospital B]. The data from 2009 to 2011 was collected, analyzed to compare pre and post intervention rates. During study period nurses sustained the highest number of injuries [hospital A: n=80; 66.1% and hospital B: n=64; 35.4%]. The incidence rate of NSIs in hospital A was 7.16 NSI/100FTE/ YEAR before the intervention which was increased to 12.06 after the intervention. In hospital B this rate was 6.05 during three years. The study revealed remarkable increase in the incidence rate of NSIs after the intervention. This is being achieved by meticulous surveillance, training course and improving awareness.

The epinet data of four Indian hospitals on incidence of exposure of healthcare workers to blood and body fluid: A multicentric prospective analysis.

Background : Sharps injury (SI) and blood and body fluid exposure are occupational hazards to healthcare workers (HCWs). Although data from the developed countries have shown the enormity of the problem, data from developing countries, such as India, arelacking. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to cumulate data from fourmajor hospitals in India and analyze the incidence of SI and blood and body fluid exposure in HCWs. Materials and Methods : Four Indian hospitals (hospital A, B, C and D) from major cities of India participated in this multicentric study. Data ranging from 6 to 26 months were collected from these hospitals using Exposure Prevention Information network (EPINet) which is the database created by International Healthcare Worker Safety Research and Resource Center, University of Virginia. Results : Two hundred and forty-three sharp injuries and 22 incidents of blood or body fluid exposure were encountered in the cumulated 50 months of our study. The incidence of SIswas thehighestamong nurses (55%) of allthe HCWs, akin to the global data. An injury rate of nearly 20% among housekeeping staff seems to be specific to the Indian data. Patient's room followed by operation theater appeared to be common locations of injury in our study. The source of the injury was identified in majority (64%) of the injuries. A major part of the group was not the primary users of the sharp (38%). Disposable needles caused nearly half of the injuries. Suture needles contributed to a reasonable number of injuries in one of the hospitals. Conclusions : The incidence of SI is the highest among nurses and the housekeeping staff (>30% each). A substantial number of injuries are avoidable.

Acidente com material perfurocortante entre profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário / Accidente con material corto-punzante entre profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario / Accidents with cutting and piercing materials among nursing professionals at a university hospital

Os riscos ocupacionais a que os profissionais da equipe de enfermagem estão sujeitos no desempenho de suas funções são consideráveis. Assim estabeleceu-se como objetivo deste estudo analisar os acidentes perfurocortantes no período de 2002 a 2006, envolvendo a equipe de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, para compreender o contexto em que ocorrem. A utilização destas informações pode ser ferramenta de prevenção. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo quantitativo e qualitativo. Na análise quantitativa foi utilizada estatística descritiva e na qualitativa o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Por meio das fichas de notificação do Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital, foi possível identificar acidentes do gênero no período pesquisado. Entrevistas foram direcionadas às vítimas de acidentes que tiveram como paciente-fonte portador de Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/ Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, hepatite B e C. Os achados demonstraram que ainda persiste um grau significativo do desconhecimento ou banalização dos acidentes entre profissionais da saúde.

Los riesgos ocupacionales a que los profesionales del equipo de enfermería están sujetos en el desempeño de sus funciones son considerables. Así, se estableció como objetivo de este estudio analizar los accidentes con perforación y corte en el período de 2002 a 2006 que involucraron al equipo de enfermería de un hospital universitario, para comprender el contexto en que ocurren. Usar esta información puede ser una herramienta de prevención. Este es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo cuantitativo y cualitativo. En el análisis cuantitativo se usó la estadística descriptiva y en la cualitativa el discurso del sujeto colectivo. Por medio de las fichas de notificación del Núcleo de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Hospital, fue posible identificar accidentes del género en el período investigado. Se hicieron entrevistas con las víctimas de accidentes que tuvieron como paciente-fuente a portadores de Síndrome de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/ Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana, hepatitis B y C. Lo hallazgos demostraron que todavía persiste un grado significativo de desconocimiento o banalización de los accidentes entre profesionales de la salud.

The occupational hazards to which nursing professionals are subject while performing their duties are considerable. Hence, this study aimed at analyzing accidents with cutting and piercing instruments involving the nursing team of a university hospital from 2002 to 2006 in order to understand the context in which they occurred. The use of such information can be a prevention tool. This is a descriptive, retrospective, quantitative and qualitative study. Descriptive statistics was used for quantitative analysis and the collective subject discourse was utilized for qualitative observation. By using report forms from the hospital's Epidemiological Surveillance Center, it was possible to identify that type of accident in the studied period. Interviews were targeted at accident victims who had patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/ the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and C as source patients. The findings showed that a significant lack of knowledge and the banalization of accidents still persist among health care professionals.

Knowledge, attitude and practices on needle-stick and sharps injuries in tertiary care cardiac hospital: A survey.

Aims: One of the potential hazards for health care workers (HCWs) is needle-stick and sharp injuries (NSSIs). The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care workers about the NSSIs. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the tertiary care cardiac center. The participants were health care workers including doctors, nurses, technicians, and housekeeping staff from the different areas of the hospital. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the institute using a self-administered validated questionnaire. The participants consisted of a total of 190 HCWs namely doctors, nurses, technicians, and housekeeping staff. Statistical Analysis Used: Nil. Results: Results showed maximum participant were in the age group of 20-30 years. 94.7% were aware about standard precautions. 91.5% knew about the procedure for reporting of NSSIs. Only 50.2% HCWs gave correct answers regarding disease transmission through needle stick and sharp injury. The prevalence of NSSIs was highest among nurses (38.4%), and needle on the disposable syringe (76.9%) was the most common source of NSSIs. Conclusions: The survey revealed few gaps in the knowledge amongst HCWs about NSSIs like risks associated with needle-stick injuries and use of preventive measures, disassembling of needles prior to disposal. These gaps can be addressed by extensive education. As nurses were the most affected victim for the NSSIs, more emphasis should be given towards them for reducing the NSSIs.

Acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante envolvendo profissionais de enfermagem de unidade de emergência hospitalar / Labour accidents with piercing and cutting materials involving nursing staff in a hospital emergency department / Accidentes de trabajo con material perforocortante abarcando profesionales de enfermería de unidad de emergencia hospitalaria

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e analisar a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante entre a equipe de enfermagem. Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2008. A população do estudo foi composta por 101 trabalhadores da unidade de emergência de um hospital público no município de Niterói – RJ. Verificou-se 44 (43,6%) profissionais envolvidos nesse tipo de acidente, sendo a agulha oca o objeto mais frequentemente associado (68,2%) e o reencape de agulhas o responsável por 38,6% dos acidentes ocorridos. Em conclusão, os resultados fornecem dados importantes que poderão subsidiar programas de prevenção de riscos ocupacionais.

The aim of this study was to identify and analyse the occurrence of labour accidents with sharp material among nursing staff. Conducted in 2008, it was descriptive, quantitative and exploratory. The study population consisted of 101 employees of a public hospital in Niteroi (Rio de Janeiro State). This type of accident involved 44 (43.6%) nurses and most frequently hollow needles (68.2%); needle recapping was responsible for 38.6% of accidents. In conclusion, the results provide important data that could support programs to prevent occupational hazards.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y analizar la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo con material perforocortante entre el personal de enfermería. Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo, cumplido en 2008. La población del estudio consistió de 101 trabajadores de la unidad de emergencia de un hospital público en Niterói – RJ – Brasil. Hubo 44 (43,6%) profesionales involucrados en ese tipo de accidente, siendo la aguja hueca el objeto más frecuentemente asociado (68,2%) y el reencapar de agujas lo responsable por 38,6% de los accidentes acaecidos. En conclusión, los resultados proporcionan datos importantes que podrán apoyar los programas de prevención de riesgos laborales.

International collaboration to protect health workers from infectious diseases in Ecuador / Colaboración internacional para proteger al personal sanitario de las enfermedades infecciosas en Ecuador

The Healthy Hospital Project, an international collaboration, aimed to strengthen Ecuador's capacity to promote healthier and safer hospitals by reducing occupational transmission of infectious diseases. Team members conducted a needs assessment to identify workplace hazards and health risks in three hospitals. A survey of health care workers' knowledge and practices of occupational health (OH) and infection control (IC) revealed positive practices such as a medical waste disposal program and widespread dissemination of health information. Challenges identified included a high frequency of recapping needles and limited resources for workers to apply consistent IC measures. The survey revealed underreporting of needlestick injuries and limited OH and safety (OHS) training. Therefore, project collaborators organized a training workshop for health care workers that aimed to overcome the identified obstacles by integrating interdisciplinary local, national, and international stakeholders to build capacity and institutionalize work-related infection prevention and control measures. The knowledge transferred and experience gained led to useful hospital-based projects and serves as a basis for implementation of other OHS projects nationwide. International interdisciplinary, interinstitutional collaboration in OHS and IC can build capacity to address OHS concerns in health care.

El objetivo del Proyecto Hospitales Saludables, resultado de una colaboración internacional, fue fortalecer la capacidad del Ecuador de promover hospitales más saludables y seguros al reducirse la transmisión ocupacional de las enfermedades infecciosas. Los miembros del equipo realizaron una evaluación en tres hospitales para detectar los peligros y los riesgos para la salud en el lugar de trabajo. Tras llevar a cabo una encuesta de conocimientos y prácticas de los trabajadores sanitarios en lo que se refiere a salud ocupacional y control de infecciones, se encontraron aspectos positivos, como un programa de eliminación de desechos médicos y la difusión generalizada de información sanitaria. En cuanto a los retos, se detectó una alta frecuencia de volver a colocar el protector de la punta de la aguja antes de desecharla y recursos limitados para que los trabajadores puedan aplicar uniformemente medidas de control de infecciones. En esa misma encuesta se reveló que se notificaba una cantidad menor de la real de pinchazos en los dedos y una capacitación limitada en salud y seguridad ocupacionales. Por consiguiente, como parte del proyecto y con miras a superar los obstáculos señalados, se organizó un taller de capacitación para los trabajadores sanitarios en el cual participaron los interesados directos locales, nacionales e internacionales en diferentes disciplinas, a efectos de desarrollar capacidades e institucionalizar medidas de control y prevención de infecciones relacionadas con el trabajo. Los conocimientos transferidos y la experiencia adquirida dieron lugar a proyectos útiles basados en hospitales y sirven de base para ejecutar otros proyectos de salud y seguridad ocupacionales en todo el país. La colaboración interdisciplinaria e interinstitucional a nivel internacional en salud y seguridad ocupacionales y control de infecciones tiene el potencial de desarrollar capacidades para atender estos problemas en las actividades de atención ...

Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India.

Background & objectives: Percutaneous injuries caused by needlesticks, pose a significant risk of occupational transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Their incidence is considerably higher than current estimates, and hence a low injury rate should not be interpreted as a non existent problem. The present study was carried out to determine the occurrence of NSI among various categories of health care workers (HCWs), and the causal factors, the circumstances under which these occur and to, explore the possibilities of measures to prevent these through improvements in knowledge, attitude and practice. Methods: The study group consisted of 428 HCWs of various categories of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, and was carried out with the help of an anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire structured specifically to identify predictive factors associated with NSIs. Results: The commonest clinical activity to cause the NSI was blood withdrawal (55%), followed by suturing (20.3%) and vaccination (11.7%). The practice of recapping needles after use was still prevalent among HCWs (66.3%). Some HCWs also revealed that they bent the needles before discarding (11.4%). It was alarming to note that only 40 per cent of the HCWs knew about the availability of PEP services in the hospital and 75 per cent of exposed nursing students did not seek PEP. Interpretation & conclusions: The present study showed a high occurrence of NSI in HCWs with a high rate of ignorance and apathy. These issues need to be addressed, through appropriate education and other interventional strategies by the hospital infection control committee.